Famous Physiologists

Franklin Story Musgrave, M.D., born August 19, 1935, is an American physician and a retired NASA astronaut. He speaks publicly and consults Disney's Imagineering group and Applied Minds in California. In 1996, Musgrave became the second astronaut to complete six spaceflights and holds six academic degrees, making him the most formally educated astronaut. Musgrave flew aboard all five Space Shuttles.

Kirsten "Kiki" Sanford, an American science communicator, left research at the University of California, Davis as a neurophysiology research scientist to pursue science communication. Her work includes audio and video programs like the This Week in Science radio program and Dr. Kiki's Science Hour.

Barry Chapman Bishop (January 13, 1932 – September 24, 1994) was an American mountaineer, scientist, photographer, and scholar. He joined teammates Jim Whittaker, Lute Jerstad, Willi Unsoeld, and Tom Hornbein to form the first American team to summit Mount Everest on May 22, 1963. Bishop worked for the National Geographic Society most of his life, starting as a picture editor in 1959, and served as a photographer, writer, and scientist until his 1994 retirement. An automobile accident near Pocatello, Idaho, killed him later that year.

Claude Bernard (French: [bɛʁnaʁ]; July 12, 1813 – February 10, 1878) was a French physiologist. Historian I. Bernard Cohen of Harvard University called Bernard "one of the greatest of all men of science." Bernard suggested using blind experiments to confirm the objectivity of scientific observations. He created the term milieu intérieur, and Walter Bradford Cannon coined the related idea of homeostasis.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (Russian: Ива́н Петро́вич Па́влов, IPA: [ɪˈvan pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ ˈpavləf] (listen); September 26, 1849 – February 27, 1936) was a Russian physiologist. He became famous for his work in classical conditioning. As a child, Pavlov showed intellectual curiosity and an unusual energy, calling it "the instinct for research". D. I. Pisarev, a major Russian literary critic of the 1860s, and I. M. Sechenov, the father of Russian physiology, spread progressive ideas. Pavlov left these ideas.

Bert Sakmann (born June 12, 1942) is a German cell physiologist. Sakmann shared the 1991 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Erwin Neher for their work on "the function of single ion channels in cells" and the invention of the patch clamp. Sakmann was a Professor at Heidelberg University and remains an Emeritus Scientific Member of the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany. Since 2008, he leads an emeritus research group at the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology.

Jan Baptist van Helmont (Dutch: [ˈɦɛlmɔnt]; 12 January 1580 – 30 December 1644) was a chemist, physiologist, and physician from the Spanish Netherlands. He worked after Paracelsus and the rise of iatrochemistry. Some call him "the founder of pneumatic chemistry". People remember Van Helmont for his ideas on spontaneous generation, his 5-year tree experiment, and introducing the word "gas" (from the Greek word chaos) into science vocabulary. His name appears as Jan-Baptiste van Helmont, Johannes Baptista van H

Adolf Eugen Fick (September 3, 1829 – August 21, 1901) was a German-born physician and physiologist.

Raymond O. Heimbecker (November 29, 1922 – February 13, 2014) was a Canadian cardiovascular surgeon. He performed the world’s first complete heart valve transplant in 1962. In 1981, he performed Canada’s first modern heart transplant using anti-rejection drugs to extend patient survival. Born in Calgary, Alberta, he earned a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Saskatchewan in 1944. He got his Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Toronto in 1947. He also earned a Master of Arts in physiology and a Master of Science in surgery. He worked with Wilfred Bigelow and Alfre.

Ivan Mikhaylovich Sechenov (Russian: Ива́н Миха́йлович Се́ченов; August 13 [O.S. August 1] 1829, Tyoply Stan (now Sechenovo) near Simbirsk, Russia – November 15 [O.S. November 2] 1905, Moscow) was a Russian physiologist. Ivan Pavlov called him the "Father of Russian physiology and scientific psychology." Sechenov is also considered one of the originators of objective psychology. Sechenov wrote the classic *Reflexes of the Brain*, introducing electrophysiology and neurophysiology into labs and medical teaching. Three scholars recognize him.

Jared Mason Diamond (born September 10, 1937) is an American geographer, anthropologist, historian, and author. He is best known for his popular science books *The Third Chimpanzee* (1991), *Guns, Germs, and Steel* (1997, Pulitzer Prize winner), *Collapse* (2005), and *The World Until Yesterday* (2012). Diamond trained in physiology but uses anthropology, ecology, geography, and evolutionary biology. He teaches geography at UCLA. In 2005, Prospect and Foreign Policy ranked Diamond ninth among the world's top 100 public intellectuals.

Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian (November 30, 1889 – August 4, 1977) was an English electrophysiologist. He won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology jointly with Sir Charles Sherrington for work on neuron function. Adrian provided experimental proof for the all-or-none law of nerves.

Herbert Henri Jasper, (July 27, 1906 – March 11, 1999), was a Canadian psychologist, physiologist, neurologist, and epileptologist. He was born in La Grande, Oregon. Jasper attended Reed College in Portland, Oregon. He earned his PhD in psychology from the University of Iowa in 1931. He got a Doctor of Science degree from the University of Paris for research in neurobiology. From 1946 to 1964, he served as Professor of Experimental Neurology at the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University. Then, from 1965 to 1976, he was Professor of Neurophysiology at Université de Montréal. He did his most important research.

Albrecht von Haller (also known as Albertus de Haller; 16 October 1708 – 12 December 1777) was a Swiss anatomist, physiologist, naturalist, encyclopedist, bibliographer, and poet. He was a student of Herman Boerhaave. People often call him "the father of modern physiology."

Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin (February 5, 1914 – December 20, 1998) was an English physiologist and biophysicist. Hodgkin shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Andrew Huxley and John Eccles.

René Joachim Henri Dutrochet (November 14, 1776 – February 4, 1847) was a French physician, botanist, and physiologist. He gained fame for his study of osmosis.

Arthur Taylor Winfree (May 15, 1942 – November 5, 2002) worked as a theoretical biologist at the University of Arizona. Winfree was born in St. Petersburg, Florida, United States. Winfree studied mathematical modeling of biological phenomena. This included cardiac arrhythmia, circadian rhythms, the self-organization of slime mold colonies, and the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction. He received a MacArthur Fellowship from 1984 to 1989. He won the Einthoven Prize for his work on ventricular fibrillation. Winfree shared the 2000 Norbert Wiener Prize in Applied Mathematics with Alexandre Chorin. He was the father.

Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards (September 27, 1925 – April 10, 2013) was an English physiologist. He pioneered reproductive medicine and in-vitro fertilisation (IVF). Edwards worked with surgeon Patrick Steptoe and nurse Jean Purdy. Together, they pioneered conception through IVF, resulting in Louise Brown's birth on July 25, 1978. They started the first IVF program for infertile patients. They trained other scientists in their techniques. Edwards became the founding editor-in-chief of Human Reproduction in 1986. In 2010, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Marshall Hall FRS (February 18, 1790 – August 11, 1857) was an English physician, physiologist, and early neurologist. His name is linked to the theory of the reflex arc mediated by the spinal cord. His name is also attached to a method for reviving drowned people and to understanding the function of capillary vessels.

Franz Josef Gall (German: [gal]; March 9, 1758 – August 22, 1828) was a German neuroanatomist, physiologist, and pioneer studying where mental functions locate in the brain. Gall claimed to found phrenology. Gall was an early, important researcher. His work in neuropsychology faced controversy then and now many call it pseudoscience. Gall's phrenology study helped make psychology a science. It helped start the naturalistic way of studying people. Gall played a part in the

Dr. John Richard Pappenheimer (October 25, 1915 – December 26, 2007) held the George Higginson Professor of Physiology post at Harvard University. He served as the thirty-seventh president of the American Physiological Society from 1964 to 1965. Pappenheimer contributed to many physiology areas. These include capillary permeability, respiratory physiology, blood-brain-CSF transport, neurochemical aspects of sleep, and recently, understanding sugar and amino acid absorption in the intestine. He was the last of three children born to Alwin Max Pappenheimer, Sr., a distinguished pat

Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle (German: [ˈhɛnlə]; July 9, 1809 – May 13, 1885) was a German physician, pathologist, and anatomist. Henle discovered the loop of Henle in the kidney. His essay, "On Miasma and Contagia," offered an early argument for germ theory of disease. Henle was an important figure in modern medicine's growth.

Willem Einthoven (May 21, 1860 – September 29, 1927) was a Dutch physician and physiologist. Einthoven invented the first practical electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) in 1895. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1924 for it ("for the discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram").

Dame Nancy Jane Rothwell (born October 2, 1955) is a British physiologist. She has been President and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Manchester since July 2010. Rothwell was Deputy President and Deputy Vice-Chancellor starting January 2010. Rothwell directs the pharmaceuticals company AstraZeneca. She co-chairs the Council for Science and Technology. She was past President of the Royal Society of Biology. She serves as a Deputy Lieutenant of Greater Manchester

Oscar Riddle (September 27, 1877 – November 29, 1968) was an American biologist. Riddle researched the pituitary gland. He isolated the hormone prolactin.

Marshall (Hal) Davidson Hatch, born December 24, 1932, was an Australian biochemist and plant physiologist. He served as the Chief Research Scientist at the CSIRO Division of Plant Industry in Canberra. He holds Fellow status with the Australian Academy of Science and the Royal Society. He was also a Foreign Associate of the US National Academy of Science. The University of Göttingen and the University of Queensland gave him Honorary Doctorates. In 1966, he and Charles Roger Slack explained the C4 pathway for carbon fixation, sometimes called the Hatch pathway.

Santorio Santorio (March 29, 1561 – February 22, 1636), also known by names like Sanctorio Sanctorio, Santorio Santorii, Sanctorius of Padua, or Sanctorio Sanctorius, was a Venetian physiologist, physician, and professor. He introduced the quantitative approach into medicine. Santorio Santorio is considered the father of modern quantitative experimentation in medicine. He invented several medical devices, including the thermometer. His 1614 work, De Statica Medicina, saw many publications and influenced physicians for generations.

Ulf Svante von Euler (February 7, 1905 – March 9, 1983) was a Swedish physiologist and pharmacologist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970 for his work on neurotransmitters.

Charles Samuel Peskin (born April 15, 1946) is an American mathematician. He works on the mathematical modeling of blood flow in the heart. These calculations help design artificial heart valves. This work created an original computational method for fluid-structure interaction, now called the “immersed boundary method”. This method handles coupling between deformable immersed structures and fluid flows in a way that is computationally manageable. Peskin also worked with students and colleagues on mathematical models.

Henry Newell Martin, FRS (July 1, 1848 – October 27, 1896), was a British physiologist. He was born in Newry, County Down. His father was Henry Martin, a Congregational minister. Martin studied at the University of London and Christ's College, Cambridge. In 1876, he became the first professor of physiology at Johns Hopkins University in the United States. He co-wrote with Thomas Huxley, Practical instruction in elementary biology. Martin collaborated with George Nuttall. He developed the first isolated mammalian heart lung preparation (first described in 1881), which Starling later used extensively.

Donald Metcalf, AC, FRS, FAA (February 26, 1929 – December 15, 2014), was an Australian medical researcher. He worked most of his career at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Melbourne. In 1954, he got the Carden Fellowship from the Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria. He officially retired in 1996 but kept working and held his fellowship until his retirement in December 2014.

Boris Petrovitch Babkin FRS, M.D., D.Sc, LL.D (Russian: Бори́с Петро́вич Ба́бкин; 17 January 1877 – 3 May 1950) was a Russian-born physiologist. He worked in Russia, England, and Canada.

Emeritus Professor Paul Ivan Korner AO was a Czech–Australian cardiac physiologist. He made contributions to understanding hypertension, especially essential hypertension.

Gustav Theodor Fritsch (5 March 1838 – 12 June 1927) was a German anatomist, anthropologist, traveler, and physiologist from Cottbus. Fritsch studied natural science and medicine in Berlin, Breslau, and Heidelberg. In 1874, he became an associate professor of physiology at the University of Berlin. He later became head of the histological department at the physiological institute. Fritsch worked with neuropsychiatrist Eduard Hitzig (1839–1907). The two scientists probed the cerebral cortex of a dog in 1870.

Graham Lusk ForMemRS was an American physiologist and nutritionist. He earned a PhD from Columbia University and the University of Munich. He taught at Cornell University and New York University. Cornell University holds his papers.

Nicolas Maurice Arthus, a French immunologist and physiologist, gave the Arthus reaction, a localized inflammatory response, his name. Arthus was born January 9, 1862, in Angers, France. He studied medicine in Paris. He earned his doctorate in 1886. In 1896, Arthus became Professor of Physiology at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland. Arthus returned to France in 1900 to work at the Pasteur Institute. He later taught at the Ecole de Médecine de Marseilles, now part of the University of the Mediterranean. In 1907, he received the Chair of Physiology at the Univers.

Albrecht Fleckenstein was a German pharmacologist and physiologist. He is best known for discovering calcium channel blockers.

Denis Jourdanet was a French physician and physiologist born in Juillan, Hautes-Pyrénées. He pioneered studies on altitude sickness and hypoxia. As a wealthy physician, Jourdanet traveled widely through Mexico's mountainous regions in the mid-19th century. There, he studied the effects of "mountain sickness" climbers faced at high altitudes. From these studies, Jourdanet first linked reduced atmospheric oxygen pressure to higher erythrocyte counts in humans. Jourdanet called the condition "barometric an" at that time.

Maria Carmela Lico or Licco spent most of her research as a physiologist at the Department of Physiology of the Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Lico provided key insights into how limbic structures, especially the septal nuclei, control the descending control of pain (nociception).

Dijanna Figueroa is a physiologist.

Dr. Jim Childress is a physiologist.

Martin Burckhardt practiced medicine in Riehen and Basel. He studied with Johann Jacob Oeri, Jacob Burckhardt's brother-in-law. At age 31, he changed careers. He became a doctor first in Wenkenhof near Riehen, then in Basel starting in 1860. His wife was Louise Burckhardt-His (1823-1903). SOURCE: Jacob Burckhardt, Letters. Complete and critical edition edited using the handwritten legacy by Max Burckhardt, 11 vols., Basel: Benno Schwabe & Co, 1949-1994.

Regina Eisert appeared as a Physiologist in the 2007 documentary film Encounters at the End of the World.

Michael Henry is a physiologist.